TUGAS SOFTSKILL BAHASA
INGGRIS 2
NAMA : YELPI PERTIWI
KELAS :
1EA26
NPM : 17215230
DOSEN :
NONI MARLIANINGSIH
MATERI : 1.
CONTINUOUS TENSE ( PROGRESSIVE )
2. PERFECT TENSE
3. FUTURE TENSE
A. Present
Continuous Tense (Progressive)
The Present Continuous is mainly used to
express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. The
Present Continuous also describes activities generally in progress
(not at the moment). Another use of the tense is to talk about temporary
actions or future plans.
Basic form
|
Subject + IS/ARE + Verb
I + ing (continuous form)
|
Quick examples
1 - He is sleeping.
2 - I am visiting grandpa in the
afternoon.
3 - You are always coming late
for the meetings!
Use
Use 1: Present
Actions
Most often, we use the Present Continuous tense to talk about actions
happening at the moment of speaking.
· He is eating a dinner.
· Mary is talking with her friends.
· They are swimming in the pool.
Stative
(State) Verbs
There
is a certain group of verbs that usually does not appear in
the Continuous form. They are calledStative (State) Verbs, and if used in
the Continuous form, they have a different meaning.
Examples:
· I think you look pretty
today. meaning: Opinion
· I'm thinking of moving to San
Francisco. meaning: Act of thinking
Explanation
In this cartoon, you can see a man in
the shower who says: "I'm taking a shower now".
·
Why is the Present
Continuous tense used in this example? Because the Johny is taking shower at this precise moment.
Use 2: Temporary Actions
This tense is
also used for activities continuing only for a limited period of time.
·
I'm
riding a bike to get to work
because my car is broken. Temporary
Action (His car will soon be repaired)
·
They are not talking with each other after the last
argument. Temporary Action (They will soon make up)
·
Mary is working at McDonald's. Temporary Action (She is working there only during the
summer holidays)
Use 3: Longer Actions in Progress
We
also use the Present Continuous when we are in the middle of
doing something time-consuming (i.e. something that takes time to complete). An
example of such an activity is writing a book, saving money or studying for an
exam.
·
They are working hard to
earn money.
·
I am training to become a
professional footballer.
·
Mike is studying hard to
become a doctor.
·
Elizabeth is currently writing a
children's book titled I am the World.
Use 4: Future (Personal) Arrangements and
Plans
Sometimes we use the Present Continuous to show that something is planned and
will be done in the near future.
·
I'm
meeting Katie in the evening.
·
He's
flying to Rome in September.
·
We're
not going anywhere tomorrow.
Use 5: Tendencies and Trends
This tense is
also used for expressing tendencies or trends.
·
Our country is getting richer.
·
The
Internet is becoming less of a novelty.
·
The
Universe is expanding.
Use 6: Irritation or Anger
And the last use of this tense is to
express irritation or anger over somebody or something in the present with
adverbs such as: always, continually or contantly.
·
She is continually complaining about everything!
·
Johny is always asking stupid questions!
·
My boss is contantly critising me!
Form
To form a sentence in the Present Continuous,
you have to:
|
Person
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
|
First
|
I am
|
We are
|
|
Second
|
You are
|
You are
|
|
Third
|
He/she/it is
|
They are
|
- try + ing = trying
-
go + ing = going
Contracted
forms :
- I
+ am = I'm
- is
+ not = isn't
- are
+ not = aren't
- he
+ is = he's
- she
+ is = she's
- it
+ is= it's
Declarative
Sentences
|
Subject
|
+
|
IS/ARE
|
+
|
Verb + ING
|
|
e.g. he,
she, a dog, etc.
|
e.g. walking,
going, taking, etc.
|
|||
|
Examples
|
|
I am reading a book.
|
|
They are swimming in the sea.
|
|
I am having my first driving lesson this week.
|
|
He's
studying to become lawyer
one day
|
|
She is always asking me stupid questions.
|
Negative Sentences
|
Subject
|
+
|
IS
NOT / ARE NOT
|
+
|
Verb
+ ING
|
|
e.g. he, she, a dog, etc.
|
e.g. walking, going, taking, etc.
|
|
Examples
|
|
 |
He isn't
joking.
|
|
|
We aren't
waiting for my uncle.
|
|
|
He is
not going to school
tomorrow.
|
Questions Sentences
|
Subject
|
+
|
IS/ARE
|
+
|
Verb
+ ING
|
|
e.g. he, she, a dog, etc.
|
e.g. walking, going, taking, etc.
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
|
Is she eating my cake now?
|
|
|
Are they having the party on Friday or Saturday?
|
|
|
Are you meeting David today?
|
|
|
Is Mary having breakfast now?
|
Question and answer
1. Love is visiting bali. He is now in kuta beach swimming
2. Are
you eating lunch now?
3. She wants
to go to Jakarta right now
4. Why don’t you just shut up. You are
always complaining about it
5. At the students are now gathering at the sport hall waiting for the game to start.
6. Lutfi likes chocolate now
7. Come here now. We are waiting for you
8. Sorry I can’t finish it now. I am busy.
I am preparing my
presentations
9. We are leaving tomorrow morning at 7 o’clock. We are flying with
garuda
10. This bus leaves at 10 this morning
B.
Present Perfect Tense
The Present Perfect is used to express actions that
happened at anindefinite time or that began in the past and continue in the
present. This tense is also used when an activity has an effect on
Basic
form:
|
Subject + HAS/HAVE + Verb
III (past participle form)
|
Quick
examples
· I have read this book.
· The man has gone away.
· John has worked as a teacher
for over 25 years.
Use
Use 1: Indefinite time before now
Use the Present Perfect to talk about actions that happened at
some point in the past. It does not matter when exactly they happened.
· I have already had a breakfast.
· He has been to England.
Remember
You
should not use this tense with time expressions like yesterday, a
week ago, last year, etc.
-
I have seen it yesterday.
-
We have gone to Paris last year.
Use 2: Effect on the present moment
We also use
this tense to when an activity has an effect on the present moment.
· He has finished his work. (so he can now rest)
· I have already eaten the dinner. (so I'm not hungry)
· He has had a car accident. (that's why he is in
the hospital)
Use 3: Continuation in the present
We often use
the Present Perfect when we want to emphasize that an
event continues in the present.
· Mary has worked as a teacher for over 25 years.
· Patrick has achieved a lot in his life.
For
and Since
Since and For are
very common time expressions used with the Present Perfect.
We
use For with a period of time, for example:
- I have lived here for 20
years.
- When talking about a starting point, we
use Since, for example:
- I have lived here since 1960.
Form
To form a
sentence in the Present Perfect, you need:
1. Auxiliary Verb "to have"
We conjugate the auxiliary verb "to have" the same way we would conjugate the
normal verb "to have".
|
Person
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
|
First
|
I have
|
We have
|
|
Second
|
You have
|
You have
|
|
Third
|
He/she/it has
|
They have
|
More examples:
· She has never seen my brother.
· Neither Mike nor Tom has ever driven a truck.
2. The Past Participle
The past participle of a verb is a verb form that appears
with the perfect tenses. The past participle can be either regular or irregular.
· The regular verbs are formed by adding -ed to the verb:
|
Verb
|
Past Participle
|
|
talk
|
Talked
|
|
explain
|
Explained
|
|
use
|
Used
|
|
deliver
|
Delivered
|
|
Include
|
Included
|
|
Achieve
|
Achieved
|
· The formation of the irregular verbs does not follow one rule.
Therefore, they should be memorized.
|
Verb
|
Past Participle
|
Learn more
|
|
Be
|
been
|
|
|
Become
|
become
|
|
|
See
|
seen
|
|
|
Go
|
gone
|
|
|
Eat
|
eaten
|
|
|
Grow
|
grown
|
Declarative
Sentences
|
Subject
|
+
|
HAS/HAVE
|
+
|
Verb (past participle
form)
|
|
e.g. he, she, a dog, etc.
|
e.g. gone, taken, done, etc.
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
|
We have already had breakfast.
|
|
|
I have bought new shades.
|
|
|
I am
having my first driving
lesson this week.
|
|
|
He's studying to become lawyer one day.
|
|
|
Someone has just taken my bag!
|
|
|
Jane has never been so angry.
|
|
|
He has
been our most serious
partner for so long that I can assure you he's a very decent man.
|
Negative
Sentences
|
Subject
|
+
|
HAS
NOT / HAVE NOT
|
+
|
Verb
(past participle form)
|
|
e.g. he, she, a dog, etc.
|
e.g. gone, taken, done, etc.
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
|
He hasn't
taken any drug for two
years.
|
|
|
I haven't
met my perfect partner yet.
|
|
|
They haven't
contacted you, have they?
|
Questions
Sentences
|
HAS/HAVE
|
+
|
Subject
|
+
|
Verb
(past participle form)
|
|
e.g. he, she, a dog, etc.
|
e.g. gone, taken, done, etc.
|
|
Examples
|
|
|
|
Have you
ever seen this program?
|
|
|
Where has she lived for the past 21 years?
|
|
|
Have you found the telephone number?
|
|
|
Has anyone taken my bag?
|
|
|
Have you
ever been to France?
|
|
|
Has anyone taken my bag?
|
Trivia
In
sentences with adverbials such as ever, already or yet,
American-English speakers may use the Past Simple rather
than the Present Perfect. So, an American would say:
· - Did you go to the post
office yet? (Past Simple)
rather
than:
· - Have you gone to the post
office yet? (Present Perfect)
Question
and Answer
1 I have
bought some new shoes. Do you want to see them
2. Where is liz? She has gone out
3. I’m looking for jhon. Have you seen
him?
4. Does siti know that you’re going away? Yes, I
have told her
5. Look! Somebody has broken that window
6. I know that woman but I have forgetten her name
7. Where are my glasses? I don’t know. I haven’t seen them
8. Rina is having a party tonight. She has invited a lot of people
9. What are you going to do? Have
you decided?
10 I can’t find my umbrella. Somebody has taken it
C. Future Simple
Basic form
|
Subject + WILL + Verb
I (present form)
|
Quick examples
· I will clean up my room. I
promise!
· The telephone is ringing.
I will pick it up!
· I think it will rain.
· He will stay there for hours,
doing nothing.
· The Future Simple is used in
many situations such as when making promises or predictions.
Going
to
You
can also use going to to express future. We use it to express
predictions based on observing the present situation:
· It's going
to rain. Look at the clouds!
Use
Use 1: Promises
The first use of the Future Simple to
make promises.
· I
promise I will buy you this toy.
· Promise
you will never leave me!
Use 2: Unplanned actions
Use this tense also to talk about
unplanned (spontaneous) decisions.
· Don't
worry! I will help you with this problem.
· I will close the window. It's starting to
rain.
Use 3: Predictions
We often use the Future Simple when
making a prediction based on experience or intuition.
· It will rain in a moment.
· It will get more difficult.
Use 4: Habits
The last use of this tense is
interesting: we can also use the Future Simple to express habits.
· She will bit her lip if
she is thinking or if she's nervous about something.
· He will always make noise
when we are sleeping.
Shall
You
can also use shall to express future in Future Simple. It is more
formal than will, and usually appears in formal speeches, agreements or
guarantees.
Examples:
· The
guarantee shall be provided on the following conditions: (...)
· We shall never
surrender!
Form
Contracted
forms
· WILL = 'LL
She'll
dance = she will dance
· WILL + NOT = WON'T
She
won't dance = she will not dance
Declarative Sentences
|
Subject
|
+
|
Auxiliary
verb
|
+
|
Verb
|
|
e.g. I/a dog etc.
|
will
|
e.g.work/go/make
|
Remember
Remember,
you should never use will to say what somebody has already arranged
or decided to do in the future:
·
Correct: Mike is moving to
New Jersey next month.
·
Incorrect: Mike will move to
New Jersey next month.
·
I think he will regret his
choice. (Use 3)
·
I will come back at 10 p.m.
(Use 1)
·
If you will keep your watch
half an hour slow it is hardly surprising that you are late for your
appointments. (Use 4)
·
John will keep dropping his
towel on the floor after a bath. (Use 4)
·
I will visit my grandma at
hospital. (Use 1 or Use 2)
·
Let's buy the snacks at the supermarket —
it will be cheaper that way. (Use 3)
Negative Sentences
|
Subject
|
+
|
Auxiliary
verb
|
+
|
Verb
|
|
e.g. I/a dog etc.
|
will not
|
e.g.work/go/make
|
·
I won't take any heavy equipment with me. (Use
2)
·
I'm
sorry I won't be able to help you with your English
today. (Use 2)
·
I
expect that Sally will not clean up her room, unless you help
her. (Use 3)
Questions
|
Auxiliary
verb
|
+
|
Subject
|
+
|
Verb
|
|
will
|
e.g. I/a dog etc.
|
e.g.work/go/make
|
Remember
We
often use "will" with:
|
probably, most likely
|
I'll probably drop in on uncle.
|
|
I think
|
This gift is great. I think we'll love it.
|
|
I'm sure
|
It's not going to be boring there. I'm sure
there will be a lot of
boys at your age
|
|
I wonder (if, what, when, etc.)
|
It's a bit late. I wonder if he'll come.
|
|
I expect
|
I haven't seen Matthew today. I expect he'll
call today.
|
·
Will he be surprised when he sees me? (Use 3)
·
Will Mark be able to do the shopping before 10
a.m.? (Use 3)
·
Will there be plenty of people in church? (Use 3)
·
Will you study harder? (Use 1)
Question and Answer
1. She is getting married in January
2016
2. What will I learn in civil
engineering?
3. Your
parents will be happier if
you visit your parents at least once a week
4. When
you read this letter, I will be
1000 miles away from our city
5. There will be no drastic changes at
the company in 2017
6. Tomorrow
will be cloudy
7. I think
the corruption suspect will
tell the truth
8. After
normalization,the reservoir will be
able to store 200.000 cubic metres of water
9. I’m going to buy a used truck next month
10. Watch carefully, I will
show you how to boost your computer’s speed
References:
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